Tropaeolum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 345. 1753; Fl. China @ eFloras.org 11: 33; Fl. North Amer. @ eFloras.org 7: 166.

Characters are same as in family Tropaeolaceae.

94 species

Tropaeolum majus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 345. 1753; Sp. Pl. 2: errata, last page. 1753; Fl. China @ eFloras.org 11: 33; Fl. North Amer. @ eFloras.org 7: 166; Cardamindus majus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 97. 1891.

Annual herb, trailing, 15-100 cm long, glabrous or nearly so. Stem weak, usually twining. Leaves alternate, exstipulate; petiole long 5-25(-38) cm; leaf blade orbicular to somewhat reniform, 3-13.5 cm in diameter, peltate, with 9(-10) main nerves radiating from petiole, margin variously angled or sinuate but otherwise entire, pubescent abaxially. Flowers solitary axillary, large, 2.5-6 cm across, ebracteate, bisexual, zygomorphic; pedicel 6-12 cm long; torus cup-shaped. Sepals 5, imbricate, pale yellow or brown, 1.5-2 cm x 0.5-0.9 cm, upper (posterior) 3 sepals extended into a long nectariferous spur, spur 2.5-3.5 cm long, straight or curved. Petals 5, free, yellow or orange, clawed; 2 upper (posterior) petals large, ca. 3 cm x 2 cm, obovate, gradually narrowed into a claw, margin entire, apex emarginate, with longitudinal dark brown streaks, basally connate with posterior sepals at spur; 3 lower (anterior) petals inserted in opening of spur, distinctly clawed, claw ca. 1(-1.5) cm long, limb ca. 1.7 cm x 0.8 cm, obovate, apex rounded, margin deeply fringed on and/ or near claw. Stamens 8, 2-verticellate, free, nearly included, unequal; filaments 6-10 mm long, pubescent distally; anthers 2-4 mm long, ovate-oblong, bithecous, dehiscence by longitudinal slits. Carpels 3, syncarpous, ovary superior, 3-locular, placentation axile, each locule with one ovule, ovule pendulous from axile apex; style 1, 5-6 mm long; stigma 3-lobed, lobes linear, 0.6-0.9 mm long. Fruit schizocarpic, oblate, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, separating into 3 one-seeded mericarps at maturity. Seeds 5-8 mm, exalbuminous, embryo straight.

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